The management of domestic wastewater effluents originating from residential activities has been paid a great attention, especially in the developing countries because these effluents generally contain numerous pollutants that correspond to potential risks to humans, the environment, and ecological health. The efficient and effective wastewater collection system will improve the sanitation in the areas served through reduced contact between the wastewater and the environment. The present study discusses in details the main and most important issues related to the management of the domestic wastewater generated from Al-Qaim city in Iraq. The present wastewater collection system in this city is characterized by poor sanitation, insufficient treatment of wastewater, and unsafe disposal of untreated or partially-treated water. In this regard, the present study aims at discussing the applicability of a vacuum sewer system to collection and pumping of the wastewater in this city as alternative treatment system to the conventional gravity system. The process of comparison between the vacuum and gravity systems was based on the cost, efficiency, and environmental benefits of both systems. As well, wastewater flow was estimated taking into consideration the population and costs in the year 2029. Several soil and wastewater samples were taken from specific locations in the study area. The results showed that the vacuum system can be applied in Al-Qaim city. Furthermore, the calculated total cost of the vacuum system was lower than that of the gravity system by 26%. The pronounced advantages of the vacuum sewer system for humans and the natural environment were highlighted and discussed in this study. Main result, the vacuum system will improve the aesthetics of the natural receiving waters. It is an odor-free system that, in addition, contributes to clearer waters, hence, ultimately, improving the environmental conditions in this city.