The main objectives of this research are to identify the main challenges and success factors of operation and management of the water treatment system in Fallujah city Iraq; including analysis of the performance of the system; and to make recommendations on how the system can be improved and how lesions can be applied to similar type of systems in other areas in Iraq and Arab world. The water treatment plant is one of the most important facilities in the country because of its great importance to serve the citizens, especially in the current circumstances in Iraq, which suffers from weakness and a bad management in the provision of services provided and available to people, so it became necessary to maintain water treatment plants that cost the national economy huge sums of money . To clarify the contribution of the maintenance management to improving the performance of institutes and companies, especially those companies depending in their job on the watering systems, a case study is being conducted for the water treatment plant (WTP) in Fallujah city in Iraq. The case study company is important for the water treatment sector as it has an annual capacity to process and distribute 30 million cubic meters of drinking water for all people in Fallujah city. This research work mainly refers to reducing sudden abandoned breakdown failures and enhancing the achievement of the current manufacturing capabilities of the water treatment plant. This could be achieved through the availability of the application of good maintenance management just to improve the average time between failure and the average time between malfunctions of the vital components of the machine that require comprehensive maintenance techniques and skills. This study research shows that the policy of selected maintenance consists of three methods: The first is to perform a planned and predictive maintenance for all types of equipment and units that are highly critical depending upon measurement and analysis in the sense that this maintenance requires predetermined and preset conditions. The second is to perform the so-called preventive and planned maintenance before the breakdown and failure of equipment occur even when machines or the systems are in complete functional mode. The third one is the corrective maintenance which is performed after the failure of the non-critical modes or units of each station occur. It has been shown through the application of Pareto analysis in parallel with fault tree analysis for the frequency of failure occurrences and down times in the five projects at the Water treatment plants in Fallujah city that 10 equipment of a total number of 23 unit patterns in WTP are to be subjected to preventive and predictive maintenance . Furthermore, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to determine the weights of each unit in WTP and to determine priorities in maintenance operations for water treatment plant equipment and units. Finally, the recorded data and the final results were evaluated by conducting a verification test with a questionnaire in cooperation with experts concerned in this field.